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2.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 77(3): 183-189, 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-646991

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: En las últimas décadas en Chile y otros países Sudamericanos se ha producido un cambio en la distribución etaria de las madres. Objetivos: Obtener la distribución de los nacimientos por grupos de edades maternas en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH) y compararlos con iguales grupos en todo Chile. Comprobar que los grupos de edades extremas están aumentando. Estudiar la relación entre estos cambios con algunas patologías del recién nacido, como prematuridad, recién nacidos pequeños para su edad gestacional (PEG) y malformaciones congénitas. Método: Datos de la maternidad del HCUCH (1982-2010) y del Ministerio de Salud (1990-2008). Se distribuye a las madres en 3 grupos: <20, >35 y 20-34 años. Las comparaciones se hicieron con prueba de Chi Cuadrado. Resultados: En Chile el grupo de madres >35 años aumentó en más del 50 por ciento al comparar los años 1990 (10,2 por ciento del total) y 2008 por ciento(15,8 por ciento) (p<10-8). Las madres adolescentes en Chile aumentaron de 13,8 por ciento en 1990 a 16,6 por ciento en 1998 (p<10-8). En el HCUCH las adolescentes disminuyeron de 16,08 por ciento en 1982 a 9,09 por ciento en 2010 (p<10-8). Las >35 años aumentaron significativamente, al igual que en Chile, de 9,8 por ciento en 1982 a 22,17 por ciento en el año 2010 (p<10-8). Esta distribución etaria en el HCUCH (1996-2010) se asoció con otros cambios significativos: disminuyeron los RN PEG (p=0,02) y los prematuros (<37 semanas) aumentaron significativamente (p<0,00001). El grupo de mujeres >35 años se asocia con mayor cantidad de RN femeninos, malformaciones congénitas, síndrome de Down y partos por cesárea.


Introduction: In recent decades, both in Chile and other South American countries there has been a change in the age distribution of mothers. Objectives: To obtain the distribution of births by maternal age groups in the Hospital Clinic of the University of Chile (HCUCH) and compare them with similar groups throughout Chile. Check that the extreme age groups are increasing. To study the relationship between these changes and some diseases of the newborn, such as prematurity, infants small for gestational age (SGA) and birth defects. Methods: We reviewed the database of the Maternity HCUCH (1982-2010) and of the Ministry of Health (19902008). The mothers are distributed in 3 groups: <20, >35 and between 20-34 years. Comparisons were made with chi square test. Results: In Chile, the group of mothers >35 years old has increased by over 50 percent when comparing the 1990 (10.2 percent of total) and 2008 15.8 percent (p<10-8). Teenager mothers in Chile increased from 13.8 percent in 1990 to 16.6 percent in 1998 (p<10-8). In the HCUCH variations were different, adolescents decreased 16.08 percent in 1982 to 9.09 percent in 2010 (p<10-8). The >35 years increased significantly, as in all of Chile, 9.8 percent in 1982 to 22.17 percent in 2010 (p<10-8). The live birth age distribution in the HCUCH (1996-2010) led to significant changes: reducing SGA (p=0.02), the premature (<37 weeks) increased significantly (p<0.00001). The group of women >35 years is associated with increased number of children women, congenital malformations, Down syndrome and cesarean deliveries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Maternal Age , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology , Demography , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Chile/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Age Factors , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Birth Rate
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 82(6): 512-519, dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612184

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Congenital abnormalities of the Urinary Tract are frequent and prevalence has increased since the introduction of routine prenatal sonogram. Objectives: To determine the prevalence rate of congenital urinary malformations at birth at Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. These data will be compared to other Chilean hospitals participating in ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas - Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations). A longitudinal study will serve to evaluate if significant variation has occurred, and risk factors will be investigated. Patients and Methods: All births occurring between January, 1998 and December, 2010 were included. Prevalence rate of urinary malformations were calculated, and compared to those obtained in previous years. Statistical analysis of proportions was calculated through mean and average comparison was made through Student t test. Results: Urinary anomalies appeared at a rate of 64.5 per 10.000 births. This represents a significant increase from previous studies. Highest risk factor seemed to be "other family members with disease". Most frequent anomaly was Hydroureteronphrosis (24,2 percent) followed by Hypospadias (17 percent). The rate of these malformations in ECLAMC participating Chilean hospitales was 23.37/10.000 births. Conclusion: A significant increase in the diagnosis of these anomalies was shown, being the most important risk factor the presence of family members with similar congenital disorders.


Introducción: Las anomalías congénitas del Aparato Urinario son frecuentes y ha aumentado su prevalencia al nacimiento con la introducción rutinaria del estudio prenatal por ultrasonografía. Objetivos: Determinar la Tasa de prevalencia al nacimiento de las malformaciones urinarias en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Compararlas con las del resto de los hospitales chilenos que participan en el ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas). Estudiarlas a lo largo del tiempo para ver si han tenido variaciones significativas. Investigar factores de riesgo que pueden influir en la aparición de ellas. Pacientes y Método: Se estudió todos los nacimientos ocurridos entre Enero de 1998 y Diciembre de 2010 en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Se calculó las tasas de prevalencia al nacimiento de las malformaciones urinarias y se las comparó con las obtenidas en períodos anteriores. El análisis estadístico de comparación de proporciones se realizó mediante la prueba de c² y las comparaciones entre promedios se hicieron mediante prueba t de Student. Resultados: La tasa de Anomalías urinarias fue 64,5 por 10 000 nacimientos. Ellas aumentaron significativamente al compararlas con los períodos estudiados anteriormente. El factor de riesgo más influyente fue "otros malformados en la familia". La anomalía más frecuente fue Hidroureteronefrosis (24,2 por ciento) seguida por Hipospadias (17 por ciento). La tasa de estas malformaciones en los hospitales chilenos participantes del ECLAMC fue 23,37/10 000 nacimientos. Conclusión: Se demuestra un incremento significativo del diagnóstico de estas anomalías, siendo el factor de riesgo más importante el antecedente de otros malformados en la familia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Urologic Diseases/congenital , Urologic Diseases/epidemiology , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Polycystic Kidney Diseases/congenital , Polycystic Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/congenital , Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology , Hydronephrosis/congenital , Hydronephrosis/epidemiology , Hypospadias/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Urinary Tract/abnormalities
4.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 71(3): 197-202, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612120

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La obstrucción del lumen de las colleras es un evento infrecuente, pero que anula la efectividad del dispositivo en la ventilación del oído medio. Existen múltiples opciones de tratamiento tópico para esta situación clínica, sin embargo, los reportes en la literatura al respecto presentan resultados contradictorios. Objetivos: Analizar la efectividad de distintos tratamientos tópicos para destapar una collera ocluida con coágulo de sangre. Material y método: Modelo experimental ex vivo, 184 tubos de ventilación obstruidos con coágulo de sangre. Tratamiento tópico, 8 grupos experimentales (agua oxigenada 3 por ciento, ácido acético 5 por ciento, ciprofloxacino 0,3 por ciento, vinagre de mesa, heparina, mezcla de H2O2/acetato 1:1, suero fisiológico 0.9 por ciento) y 2 grupos control (sin tratamiento). Revisión de permeabilidad de lumen de colleras a los 3, 7 y 10 días. Resultados: El agua oxigenada (H2O2) resulta ser el tratamiento más efectivo (88 por ciento y 92 por ciento de efectividad a los 7 y 10 días). Ciprofloxacino, vinagre de mesa, suero fisiológico y heparina son inefectivos, sin diferencias significativas con grupo control. Ciprofloxacino y suero fisiológico sedimentan más, e incluso tapan colleras previamente permeables. Conclusiones: H2O2 es un tratamiento seguro, efectivo y económico para destapar colleras obstruidas con coágulos de sangre.


Introduction: Blocked tympanostomy tubes (TT) are an uncommon event, but avoids the effectiveness of this device in middle ear ventilation. Many topical treatment options are available for this clinical situation, however, reports in literature show conflicting results. Aim: Analyze the effectiveness of various topical treatments to open blood clot blocked TT. Material and Method: Ex vivo experimental model. 184 blood clot blocked TT. Topical treatment, 8 experimental groups (3 percent hydrogen peroxide, 5 percent acetic acid, 0,3 percent ciprofloxacin, vinegar, heparin, mixture 1:1 H2O2/acetate, 0.9 percent saline) and 2 control group (no treatment). Review of tube permeability at 3, 7 and 10 days of treatment. Results: H2O2 is the most effective treatment (88 percent & 92 percent effectiveness at 7 & 10 days). Ciprofloxacin, vinegar, saline and heparin are ineffective, with no statistical differences with control group. Ciprofloxacin and saline even blocked previously opened TT. Conclusions: H2O2 is a safe, effective and economic treatment to clear blood clot blocked TT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , Hydrogen Peroxide/administration & dosage , Thrombosis/drug therapy , Middle Ear Ventilation/adverse effects , Administration, Topical , Postoperative Complications , Prosthesis Failure , Models, Anatomic , Ear, Middle/surgery , Middle Ear Ventilation/instrumentation
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(8): 1025-1031, ago. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612217

ABSTRACT

Background: Swallowing disorders are common in hospitalized patients. Functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is a simple, safe and effective test for the diagnosis and monitoring of these disorders. Aim: To report the results of functional endoscopic swallowing evaluation. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of all records of functional swallowing evaluation procedures performed in a 6 months period. Results: A total of 327 evaluations were analyzed. Sixty seven percent were performed for the first time in a patient and 32.4 percent were follow-up evaluations. Mean age of patients was 73 ± 17 (SD) years and 56 percent were male. Twenty nine percent had prolonged orotracheal intubation (> 48 hours). Swallowing was evaluated as normal, mildly, moderately and severely altered in 8.2, 27, 27 and 38 percent of cases, respectively. Age (> 50 years) and orotracheal intubation were the most important predictors of severity (p = 0,01). Oral feeding was achieved during hospital stay in 78 and 55 percent of patients with moderate or severe swallowing disorders, respectively, after a delay of 8.7 and 14.3 days, respectively. Having a severe swallowing disorder during the first evaluation, increased fourfold the risk of gastrostomy. Conclusions: Most hospitalized patients with swallowing disorders achieve oral feeding before leaving hospital. Safe oral feeding is delayed as swallowing disorder is of greater severity.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Hospitalization , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Deglutition Disorders/therapy , Endoscopy/adverse effects , Enteral Nutrition , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index
6.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 22(2): 104-112, 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-613258

ABSTRACT

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are responsible for up to 10percent of hospital admissions worldwide; within them, that mucocutaneous reactions are the most common represented 30percent of the total. The aim of this study was to analyze 119 reports of ADRs recorded in the Pharmacy Department of University of Chile Clinical Hospital in the period 2004-2010 by gender, age, most frequent clinical presentations, drugs and health personnel linked to the notification. In addition, we tried to quantify the relative importance of mucocutaneous reactions in the total of reported ADRs. ADRs were more common in women (56.3percent). The average age was 52.84 years + / - 7.77, 52.07 + / - 10.6 for women and 53.84 + / - 13.43 for men without significant differences (p = 0.85). According to the clinical presentation, mucocutaneous reactions were the most frequent (31.1percent) followed by hematological (25.2percent). The drugs involved were chemotherapy (68.9percent), antibiotics (5.9percent) and NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, (4.2percent). In health personnel linked to the notification, we found the association medical / pharmaceutical chemist was the most frequent (40.3percent), followed by a pharmaceutical chemist (33.6percent). In mucocutaneous ADRs we observed a mean age of 54.65 + / - 9.19 years and female predominance (62.2percent). According to the clinical dermatology, we observed a prevalence of skin rash (35.1percent), mucositis (21.6percent), facial erythema (16.2percent) and pruritus (16.2percent). The drugs involved were chemotherapy (78.4percent), antibiotics (8percent), antiretroviral therapy (5percent) and opioids (5percent). Finally, we found that according to time of onset, delayed reactions were the most frequent (43.2percent).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Drug Eruptions/epidemiology , Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effects , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems/statistics & numerical data , Chile/epidemiology
9.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 70(3): 223-230, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577247

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La anatomía ósea de las cavidades perinasales (CPN) es altamente variable, pudiendo ser causa o factor predisponente de patología rinosinusal, o servir de reparo anatómico para la cirugía endoscópica nasal (CEN). Objetivos: Conocer la frecuencia de variaciones anatómicas en pacientes que consultan en nuestra Red de Salud. Material y método: Revisión retrospectiva de todas las tomog rafias computarizadas (TC) de CPN, realizadas en el Servicio de Radiología de la Red de Salud UC entre abril y junio de 2009. Resultados: Se encontraron las distintas variantes anatómicas en frecuencias similares a las descritas en la literatura internacional. Se estudió también la trayectoria de la arteria etmoidal anterior (AEA), y la configuración del techo etmoidal, utilizando la clasificación de Keros. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de variaciones anatómicas encontrada en nuestra revisión es similar a la descrita en la literatura internacional. La mayoría de nuestros pacientes presenta configuración de techo etmoidal tipo Keros I, hallazgo diferente al reportado en otras series. El estudio metódico de las variantes anatómicas en TC de CPN nos permitiría evitar complicaciones quirúrgicas.


Introduction: Paranasal sinus anatomy is quite variable. Some variations are involved in rinosinusal pathology, others are landmarks ofFESS (functional endoscopic sinus surgery). Aim: To determine the frecuency of paranasal anatomic variations in our consulting population. Material and method: Retrospective revision of all paranasal CT scans achieved in our Radiology Service during a two month period during 2009. Results: We found most of ethmoid anatomic variations, with similar frecuencies as described in literature. We also studied anterior ethmoidal artery anatomy, and ethmoid roof configuration, using Keros classification Conclusions: We found, in general, similar frecuencies as described in foreign series. More than half of our patients had Keros I ethmoid roof configuration type, a differing result from most of other series. Every ENT surgeon should be trained in routine search of these variations, helping to avoid possible surgical complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Paranasal Sinuses/anatomy & histology , Paranasal Sinuses/surgery , Paranasal Sinuses , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Endoscopy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Ethmoid Sinus/anatomy & histology , Ethmoid Sinus/surgery , Ethmoid Sinus
10.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 70(1): 65-70, abr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577226

ABSTRACT

La parotiditis aguda supurativa es una enfermedad extremadamente infrecuente en el recién nacido, sin casos publicados hasta ahora en la literatura nacional y con pocos casos descritos en la literatura médica mundial. La infección ocurre habitualmente por vía ascendente desde la cavidad oral al conducto de Stenon, o asociado a sialectasia, aunque también se ha descrito a la deshidratación y la septicemia con extensión hacia la glándula parótida como probables mecanismos patogénicos. Se presenta el caso de un neonato de 13 días, sin antecedentes perinatales de relevancia, del Hospital Roberto del Río, que presenta cuadro de 12 horas de evolución caracterizado por irritabilidad, fiebre, aumento de volumen parotídeo derecho, doloroso, eritematoso y salida de pus por el conducto de Stenon. Se realiza diagnóstico clínico, microbiológico e imagenológico, con aislamiento de Staphylococcus aureus multisensible de la secreción parotídea. Se inicia tratamiento con cefotaximo y cloxacilina, con respuesta favorable. A partir del presente caso realizamos una revisión bibliográfica, para discutir el enfoque diagnóstico, terapéutico y pronóstico de esta patología.


Neonatal acute suppurative parotitis is an extremely uncommon disease in newborns, without any published cases in national literature. Thought ascending infection from oral cavity to Stenon's duct and sialectasia are most common pathological mechanisms, dehydration and septicemia with parotid extension has been proposed as other potential pathways. We present a 13 days neonate, without perinatal history, from Roberto del Río Pediatric Hospital, presenting 12 hours of fever, pain, irritability, right parotid swelling and purulent secretion from right Stenon's duct. Clinical, microbiological and radiological diagnosis was made, isolating multisensible Staphylococcus aurous from secretion cultures. Antibiotic treatment (cefotaxime plus cloxaciline) was initiated, with a successful course. From this case, we reviewed literature for further discussion of diagnostic, therapeutic and prognosis of this disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Parotitis/diagnosis , Parotitis/microbiology , Parotitis/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Treatment Outcome , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
11.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 21(2): 97-104, 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-620973

ABSTRACT

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer; its incidence is increasing in the last decades worldwide. The purpose of this study was to analyze 1320SCC (716 males and 604 females) from five hospitals of Santiago. The tumours were studied by gender, anatomical localization and age of the patient. For this, 600.000 histopathological reports were reviewed (1992-2001). SCC was more frequent in males than females and also more frequent in older people. The average age was 72.1 +/-14.3 years old in females and 69.5+/-13.2 years old in males. The most frequent anatomical locations in females were the face (51.2 percent), lower extremities (13.9 per cent) and genitals (12.1 percent). The most frequent anatomical locations in males were the face (62.4 percent); genitals (9.8 percent) and lower extremities (8.1 percent ). More number of facial SCC was observed in males than in females; however; more SCC in lower extremities was observed in females than in males. In relation to age, CEC was more frequent in males in the 50-59 and 70-79 years old groups, however; CEC was more frequent in females older than 80 years old. The study of 1320 SCC tumours allows us to analyze risk groups in the Chilean population that help to direct future skin cancer prevention campaigns in Chile.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/therapy
12.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 74(6): 366-371, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-561851

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) se estima que está presente en el 5 por ciento de los nacimientos y es la manifestación de procesos aberrantes que impiden el desarrollo normal del feto. Objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de esta patología en la maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Obtener la tasa prevalencia al nacimiento de malformaciones congénitas (MFC) y comparar la frecuencia en recién nacidos pequeños (PEG) con los adecuados (AEG) y grandes (GEG) para la edad gestacional. Método: Se estudian todos los nacimientos, vivos y mortinatos, ocurridos entre enero de 1997 a diciembre de 2008, contenidos en la base de datos del ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas) desde 1969 a la fecha. Se excluyen los recién nacidos con malformaciones como hidrocefalia, anencefalia e hidrops, que por sus características dificultan la posibilidad de clasificación en PEG, AEG o GEG. Resultados: 10,1 por ciento de los nacimientos del período eran PEG. Entre los nacidos vivos 10 por ciento fueron PEG, mientras que 33,5 por ciento de los mortinatos eran PEG (p<0,05). Eran malformados el 12,9 por ciento de los PEG, 8,5 por ciento de los AEG y 9,3 por ciento de los GEG (p<0,05). La tasa global de malformaciones fue de 9,5 por ciento; en NV el 9,4 por ciento y en mortinatos el 33 por ciento. Conclusión: El RCIU es un factor que aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad fetal tardía y de presentar malformaciones congénitas.


Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is the result of anomalies that prevent the normal development of the fetus, it is present in about the 5 percent of births. Objectives: To estimate the frequency of FGR in the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. To estimate the congenital malformation prevalence rate at birth and compare it among small (SGE), adequate (AGE) and large (LGE) newborns according their gestational age. Methods: All live births and stillbirths included in the ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas) registered from January 1997 and December 2008 were considered. Newborns with congenital malformations that modified per se the size of the child, like hydrocephaly anencephaly and hydrops were excluded. Results: 10.1 percent of newborns were SGE. Among live births 10 percent were SGE instead of the 33.5 percent found in stillbirths (p<0.05). Congenital malformation rate at birth was 12.9 percent in SGE, 8.5 percent in AGE and 9.3 percent in LGE newborns (p<0.05). The global congenital malformation prevalence rate at birth was 9.5 percent; 9.4 percent in live newborns and 33 percent in stillbirth. Conclusion: The FGR increase the risk of late fetal mortality and congenital anomalies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology , Fetal Mortality , Stillbirth/epidemiology , Fetal Growth Retardation/epidemiology , Congenital Abnormalities/etiology , Birth Weight , Chi-Square Distribution , Chile/epidemiology , Delivery Rooms , Gestational Age , Prevalence , Risk Factors
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